In GIS, what does the term "spatial analysis" refer to?

The term "spatial analysis" in GIS specifically pertains to evaluating spatial relationships and patterns. This involves examining the positions and arrangements of objects in space to understand how they interact with one another and how they relate within a geographic context. Spatial analysis can uncover significant insights into phenomena by identifying trends, correlations, and variations across different geographic areas.

For example, it is commonly used in urban planning to assess how land use impacts traffic patterns or in environmental studies to analyze the spread of vegetation across various terrains. This analytical approach goes beyond merely recognizing geographic features or mapping changes; it focuses on the intricate relationships among various spatial elements, which can inform decision-making and enhance understanding of the spatial dynamics at play.