Which of the following best defines cartography?

The definition of cartography encompasses the broader aspects of the discipline, making it the science of map-making and visualization of spatial data. This not only involves creating maps but also refers to the systematic study and the methods employed to interpret and present geographic information effectively. Cartography integrates principles of design, geography, and data analysis to communicate spatial information, ensuring that the resulting maps are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

While digital mapping and technology play significant roles in contemporary cartography, they are subsets of the overall field rather than comprehensive definitions. The focus on the visualization of spatial data is paramount, as it is essential for conveying information in ways that are understandable and useful to map users. Hence, this answer captures the essence of what cartography entails as opposed to the more limited perspectives provided by the other options.